Cooperative Learning

Citation: Huitt, W. (2002). Cooperative learning. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date], from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/instruct/cooplrn.html

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Overview

• Smith, B., & MacGregor, J. (1992). What is collaborative learning? (abbreviated version). In A. Goodsell, M. Maher, V. Tinto, B. Smith, & J. MacGregor, Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education. University Park, PA: National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and Assessment,  Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved August 2005, from http://learningcommons.evergreen.edu/pdf/collab.pdf.

Major Components

1. Cooperative interaction within groups
2. Group incentives that motivate students to urge fellow students to perform well
3. Individual accountability
4. Equal opportunity for earning high scores and contributing to group effort
5. Task specialization
6. Competition among groups

Sample Cooperative Learning Activity

• Adapting Materials and Designing Cooperative Activities
  Taken from: Classroom Connections: Understanding and Using Cooperative Learning. (Chapter 10) by Philip Abrami, Bette Chambers, Catherine Poulsen, Christina De Simone, Sylvia d'Apollonia and James Howden Toronto, Ontario: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1995, 221 pages, softcover

Summaries

1. Balkcom , A. (1992, June). Cooperative learning. Education Research Consumer Guide, Number 1.
2. Holt, D. (1997, October 15). Cooperative learning: Response to diversity (Improving America's Schools Act (IASA) section). Sacramento: California Department of Education.
3. Ngeow, K. (1998). Enhancing student thinking through collaborative learning (ERIC Digest). Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading, English, and Communication. Retrieved: May 2002. [http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed422586.html]
4. Sherman, L. W. (1990). Cooperative learning in post-secondary education: Implications from social psychology for active learning experiences. A paper presentation to the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL: 3-7 April, 1990. (revised, 1/96).
5. Student team learning activities developed by Robert Slavin and others.

Major Schemes

1. Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT)--DeVries, D., & Slavin, R. (1978). Teams- Games-Tournaments (TGT): Review of ten classroom experiments. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 12,28-38.
2. Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD)--Slavin, R. (1978). Student teams and achievement divisions. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 12, 39-49.
3. Team-Assisted Individualization (TAI)--Slavin, R. (1989). Comprehensive cooperative learning models for heterogeneous classrooms. The Pointer, 33(2), 12-18.
4. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)--Stevens, R., Madden, N., & Slavin, R. (1987). Cooperative integarted reading and composition: Two experiments. Reading Research Quarterly, 22, 433-454.
5. Learning Together--Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. (1987). Learning together and alone (2nd Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
6. Jigsaw--Aronson, E. (1978). The Jigsaw classroom. Beverly Hill, CA: Sage.
7. Jigsaw II--Slavin, R. (1980). Using student team learning (rev. ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Social Organization of Schools.
8. Group Investigation--Joyce, B., & Weil, M. (1986). Models of teaching. (pp. 219-238). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
9. Using the Internet--Tourchin, K. (1996). Using the internet for collaborative learning (K-8): What has research revealed? Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.

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