PRINCIPLES OF REASONING AND ARGUMENTATION (LOGIC) Spring 2009

Dr. Christine A. James

 

Philosophy 2020 Section A

TR  8:00-9:15am   WH 104   CRN 20888

 

Office: 110 Ashley Hall

Office Hours: TR 9:15am-11:00am, MW 3:15pm-4:45pm and after classes and by appointment as needed.

Telephone:  259-7609 

Mailbox:  Philosophy Department Office

Fax:  259-5011

E-mail address: chjames@valdosta.edu

 

Please note that specific dates for readings and graded assignments in the syllabus may be adjusted and updated throughout the semester.  The latest version of the syllabus will always be available at http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/2020Spring2009.htm

 

Course Content: What does it take to express an idea well?  What does it mean to convince someone?  Logic provides a method to systematically analyze expressions and arguments. This course provides an introduction to logic, using examples from a variety of perspectives: law, science, and everyday experience.  We will cover sentential logic (involving sentences using "not", "and", "or", and "if..., then..."), we will use truth-table and natural deduction techniques, and we will cover elementary quantifier logic (involving sentences using "all" and "some").  These techniques will help you to recognize arguments, evaluate arguments for validity, think critically, and use arguments well in your own writing.  We will also apply these skills to real-world situations, including legal case studies.

 

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 

Philosophy courses at Valdosta State University contribute to the VSU General Education Outcomes listed at the link below, with special emphasis on numbers 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8.

http://www.valdosta.edu/academic/VSUGeneralEducationOutcomes.shtml

 

The Learning Outcomes for PHIL 2020 are:

 

1.  Use more advanced logical and critical reasoning techniques through the examination of various methods of logic from formal and informal traditions.

2.  Discuss such topics as: the nature of critical thinking, classification, meaning, and definition; ambiguity and vagueness;

categorical logic; explanation and argument; techniques of persuasion; propositional logic; deduction and induction; and pseudo-reasoning (fallacies).

3.  Apply these critical reasoning principles to a variety of problems and contexts, including writing and analysis in other courses.

4.  Use the truth table method to determine the truth-value of compound sentences and to distinguish among tautologies, contingent sentences and contradictions.

5.  Distinguish between valid and invalid argument forms, using the truth table method and the proof method.

6.  Translate ordinary-language statements and arguments into the language of sentential logic and/or predicate logic, and vice versa.

7   Demonstrate that a given argument in symbolic form is valid or invalid.

 

These course-specific learning outcomes contribute to the departmental learning outcomes of the Philosophy and Religious Studies Major by enabling students better to

1. To encourage an understanding of central issues, topics and philosophers in the history of philosophy, from the ancient to the modern periods.

2. To develop students’ abilities to think, write, and speak critically and logically.

3. To enable students to challenge their own ideas and to develop self-understanding in the context of a diverse range of ideas which inform contemporary controversies and social conflict.

4. To enable students to engage in independent philosophical research, and to be responsible for communicating their understanding of the issues researched and developed, including a working familiarity with current research methods. 

5. To incorporate philosophical positions in oral and written communications.

6. To critically outline and analyze a philosophical question.

Members of the faculty in Philosophy and Religious Studies have verified that these outcomes are in line with the outcomes of the course as it is taught at peer institutions in the State System of Georgia.

 

 

Requirements:  Three unit tests, daily homework graded in class, class participation, a comprehensive final exam.  All assignments must be completed on schedule, and continual practice using the problems in each chapter is necessary for success in the course.  You must be willing to work independently, and you must motivate yourself to learn the new vocabulary, to learn the rules of inference, and to practice new problems.  Our time together in class will involve lecturing on new material, answering questions about relevant material, going over sample problems, and working in groups.  I encourage discussion and participation in class.

 

Required Text: Hurley's A Concise Introduction to Logic, 9th or 10 th edition.  You may also purchase the study guide if you choose.  Feel free to work with friends in other sections; feel free to use the computer labs on campus using the disk included with the Hurley text.  The CD-ROM disk in the back of your text contains the homework program, and it should work on any IBM or Macintosh computer. (Please note that you might choose not to use the CD-ROM that comes with the text.  It is not required, and opening the CD-ROM envelope in the back of the book will decrease/nullify the book’s resale value.)

 

(In addition, Philosophy and Religious Studies faculty encourage you to use Andrea A. Lunsford, St. Martin’s Handbook, 5th ed. which was required in ENGL 1101 and 1102 courses. These books are available for purchase at the VSU Bookstore. The St. Martin’s Handbook is shelved under ENGL 1101 and 1102.)

 

 

How grades will be calculated:

A          = 100 - 90%

B          = 89 - 80%

C          = 79 - 70%        Please note that I am not obligated to accept any late work,

D          = 69 - 60%        and I do not give late examinations after the date listed on the

F          = 59 - 0%          syllabus. You must complete work on time.

                       

            3 Problems-based in-class quizzes at 10% each = 30%

            3 Unit Tests at 10% each = 30%

            Participation, asking good questions in class = 10%

            1 Final Exam at 30% = 30%

            Total = 100%

The Honors version of the PHIL 2020 class involves a variety of challenging activities including quantitatively and qualitatively enriched examinations and final examination writing assignments. This will prepare you to write a research paper on logic due at the end of the course.  This is what makes it an Honors course.

 

Attendance Policy: I do care that you attend class regularly.  As you know, VSU policy is that missing 20% of class meetings results in an automatic grade of “F”.  Faculty can also institute added attendance policies in their syllabi. Our class will have a 10% rule for absences.  You can miss up to 10% of the class meetings with no grade penalty.  10% of our 30 class meetings is 3.  On absence number 4, your final grade for the course will be reduced by one whole letter grade; on absence number 5, your final grade for the course will be reduced by two whole letter grades; on absence number 6, you will automatically fail the course.  Be considerate of your fellow students – don’t be late, and don’t leave your cell phones and pagers on.  Please note that this policy makes no distinction between excused and unexcused absences.

 

Special Needs:

Students requiring classroom accommodations or modification because of a documented disability should discuss this need with me at the beginning of the semester.  Students requesting classroom accommodations or modifications because of a documented disability must contact the Access Office for Students with Disabilities located in Farber Hall. The phone numbers are 245-2498 (voice) and 219-1348 (tty).

 

Academic Honesty:

Members of the Valdosta State University faculty value honesty and integrity extremely highly and do not tolerate cheating of any kind. Anyone caught cheating will automatically fail the course. Cheating includes – but is not limited to – plagiarism, giving or receiving assistance on a quiz, having someone else do work on your behalf, doing work on someone else’s behalf, and working with a partner or in a group on an individual assignment. By enrolling in this course, you are in effect promising to maintain the bond of trust on which the professor-student relationship is based.  In addition, VSU has a new Academic Honesty Policy.  Here are links to the Academic Honesty Policies and Procedures, and the Report of Academic Dishonesty.

 

http://www.valdosta.edu/academic/AcademicHonestyPoliciesandProcedures.shtml

 

http://www.valdosta.edu/academic/documents/ReportofAcademicDishonesty.doc

 

E-Mail:

VSU policy mandates that all official communication by e-mail take place through VSU e-mail accounts or through the WebCT Vista Mail tool.  Please check your VSU (@valdosta.edu) e-mail account regularly.

 

Schedule:

You must come to class with the reading assignments already done, and you should have requests for homework problems to go over in class.  Notice that homework assignments are associated with each section of the text, you should begin trying the homework problems as you read.  These are the homework problems that will prepare you for the quizzes and examinations.

 

Note: This syllabus is not a legal contract; the content of this course is subject to revision by the professor.

                                               

Month/Day                    Topics                           Reading Assignment and Problem Choices

 

1/13 T   Introduction to class.                              Begin homework, using the online information:                         

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/firstlogichandout.htm

                               http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log1.pdf               

                               http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/logprob1.pdf

                                               

1/15 R   Statements/Arguments                                       1.1-1.2             

                                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                           

1/20 T  More Statements and Arguments             1.2-1.3               

 

1/22 R  Deduction and Induction                                      1.3 - 1.4                       

 

 

1/27 T   Evaluating Arguments, Language of Symbolic Logic 1.4               

 

1/29 R QUIZ ON CHAPTER 1 (After the Quiz, begin reading in the next sections, come in next class having already read.)

 

2/3 T                 Begin Propositional Logic                                   6.1       

 

2/5 R                Focus The Nation Special Activity (Political Issues and Arguments)

 

2/10 T               Translation into Symbolic Language (PL)              6.1

           

2/12 R               Truth Functions                                                  6.2

                                                                                                           

2/17 T               Truth Tables                                                      6.3

           

2/19 R               Use of Truth Tables and Arguments                     6.4

           

2/24 T               Indirect Truth Tables                                           6.5                   

 

2/26 R               Review Day, go over questions and get ready for first unit test                   

                         

3/3 T                 UNIT TEST  #1

 

3/5 R                Rules of Implication I                              7.1       

                                                                                   

3/10 T               Rules of Implication II                             7.2

 

3/12 R               Dr. James will be gone to a conference at Hofstra University in New York. Have a Great Spring Break!         

           

3/17-3/19           Spring Break Week, No Class

                                                                                                                       

3/24 T               Rules of Replacement I                           7.3                   

 

 

3/26 R               Rules of Replacement II                          7.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

3/31 T               Deductive Strategies Review                   7.1-7.4 

 

4/2 R                HOMEWORK PROBLEMS BASED QUIZ ON FIRST PARTS OF CH. 7

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log7.htm

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log7172.doc

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log7172.pdf

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log73.doc

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log73.pdf

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log74.doc

                        http://teach.valdosta.edu/chjames/log74.pdf

 

4/7 T                 Conditional Proof                                    7.5                   

 

4/9 R                Indirect Proof                                         7.6                   

 

4/14 T               Review Day for Unit Test #2                                           

 

4/16 R               UNIT TEST  #2

 

4/21 T               Philosophy of Mind: Do various species have mental mapping in the hippocampus?  Is there a physical, neurological, or biochemical explanation for the experience of God?

             

4/23 R               Please note, class today will meet in Odum Library room 3270.

                        Oliver Sacks

 

4/28 T               Discussion of standardized testing and college admissions: Frontline, Inside the SAT

           

Abortion issues and Roe v. Wade, is it done with attention to Logic and Argument as we studied them in class?

                        http://www.fedworld.gov/supcourt/

                                   

              The most recent supreme court cases are also available at:

                        http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/

Sexual Behavior and the Supreme Court: Privacy

                        http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/06/26/scotus.sodomy/

                        http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_laws.htm

                         

Sexual Behavior and the Supreme Court: Harassment

                        http://www.valdosta.edu/~asantas/Business/harass.html

The University Context:

                        http://www.valdosta.edu/judicial/

                        http://www.valdosta.edu/legal/

                        http://www.valdosta.edu/legal/shp.shtml

 

4/30 R               Last Class Day 

                                     

 

FINAL EXAMINATION: Tuesday, May 5, 10:15am in the usual room.

To look up your other classes’ Fall final exams, see the online guide at the link to Registration at the university homepage.

 

http://www.valdosta.edu/it/eas/sis/documents/Spring2009FinalExamSchedule.pdf

 

Special Pilot Project: Online Course Evaluations

This course may be part of a pilot project this semester, testing a new online Student Opinion of Instruction (SOI) form.  Student evaluations are extremely important in helping faculty members plan and revise their courses.  Rather than completing these evaluations during class time, students will need to access evaluation forms via BANNER and complete them in a period during the last few weeks of class.  You will only complete evaluations online for the classes that are part of this pilot project; other classes may still require you to complete a scantron (bubble) form in class.  Please take the time to complete this important evaluation (or opt out of providing an evaluation) during the designated period.  If you do not do so, you will not be able to access the grade for this class, scheduled to be posted on the Monday after the final examination days.

The Administration has not yet set up the online forms, and Dr. James will update the class with instructions when they are available.

 

 

 

In addition the Honors Program has the following outcomes or objectives. Our course contributes to all of them in various ways, because logic relates to a variety of disciplines and learning.

1. Effective written communication skills (including ability to use research).

2. Effective oral communication skills.

3. Effective quantitative skills.

4. The ability to analyze and synthesize a broad range of material.

5. The ability to make meaningful connections between various disciplines.

6. The ability to formulate a problem, develop a plan of action, and prove or disprove an hypothesis (or to create and produce an original work or do research).

7. The ability to take greater responsibility for own learning (demonstrate curiosity, motivation, risk-taking characteristics, and the ability to bring to bear logic and knowledge of the issue being discussed).